Can U.S. Presidents Be Ranked by IQ?
A published model exists for early presidents, but its numbers are estimates—not test results.
Read the method before the ranking
The estimates combine sparse retrospective IQ estimates with biographical ratings of intellectual brilliance and openness using missing-value estimation.
Four variants exist; this atlas ranks 2C
Simonton reports I-U, I-C, II-U, and II-C. IQ Caddy displays and sorts the II-C (2C) integer—with an Estimate badge—rather than hiding the ranking in a min–max bar. 2C is still a model, not a test.
Later presidents use qualitative estimates
Obama, Trump, and Biden are outside Simonton 2006. This atlas assesses each one from their ages 18-26 biographical record using the logic of Cox's historiometric method, then labels the result as an informal estimate. The full methodology and per-president evidence chronologies are at /stories/presidential-iq-estimation-method/. Trump's viral IQ-73 claim is kept as a disputed claim, not as his IQ.