Methodology

A number never appears alone.

IQ Caddy preserves the source, population, year, method, uncertainty, and evidence status behind every value. The interface is designed to make unlike evidence look unlike.

Evidence statuses

Official measure

Published directly by an authoritative assessment or statistical source.

Official model

Produced by an official source using a documented statistical model.

Research estimate

A researcher transformed or combined source measures in a reviewed publication.

Historical estimate

A historical reconstruction based on biographies or ratings, not an administered test.

Reported claim

A number attributed to a person or publication without complete primary test documentation.

Disputed claim

A claim contradicted, debunked, or unsupported by the reviewed evidence.

Unknown

No defensible public value is available.

Score calculations

For a supplied score x, mean μ, and standard deviation σ, the standardized position is z = (x − μ) / σ. The displayed percentile is 100 × Φ(z), where Φ is the standard normal cumulative distribution. Directional upper-tail rarity uses the complementary error function to avoid precision loss in extreme tails.

These are theoretical normal-model conversions. They do not reproduce a publisher’s age-normed table, confidence interval, test ceiling, or score-report interpretation.

Comparison rules

What “reviewed” means

A reviewed record has a traceable source, a documented license, an evidence classification, and written limitations. It does not imply endorsement by the source and does not guarantee that future evidence will not change the conclusion.